In Greek mythology, Hermes is the messenger of the gods. He is also known as the god of commerce, thieves, and travelers. In Homer’s epic poem, the Iliad, Hermes plays a significant role in aiding both the Greeks and the Trojans.
The Role of Hermes in the Iliad
Hermes appears in several key moments throughout the Iliad. In Book 1, he is sent by Zeus to deliver a message to Calchas, a seer who has been taken captive by Agamemnon. Hermes helps Calchas escape from captivity and return to the Greek camp.
Later in Book 24, Hermes helps Priam, King of Troy, retrieve the body of his son Hector from Achilles. Disguised as a mortal man, Hermes guides Priam safely through enemy lines and helps him negotiate with Achilles for Hector’s body.
The Symbolism of Hermes
In addition to his role as messenger and guide, Hermes also represents certain symbolic qualities in the Iliad. As the god of commerce and trade, he embodies the idea of exchange and negotiation. This is reflected in his role as mediator between various characters throughout the poem.
Hermes also represents cunning and trickery. This is seen in his ability to disguise himself as a mortal man and deceive those around him. In some ways, he can be seen as a foil to Athena who represents wisdom and strategy.
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Hermes in Art
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Hermes Trismegistus
Hermes Trismegistus
Outside of Greek mythology, there is another figure known as Hermes Trismegistus or Thrice-Great Hermes. This figure emerged during Hellenistic Egypt and was associated with alchemy and Hermeticism.
In this context, Hermes was seen as a symbol of spiritual transformation and the union of opposites. He was often depicted as a wise old man with a long beard, holding a staff with two snakes wrapped around it.
Conclusion
In the Iliad, Hermes is a multifaceted character who plays an important role in aiding both the Greeks and Trojans. As the messenger of the gods and the god of commerce, he embodies qualities such as negotiation and exchange. He also represents cunning and trickery, making him an interesting foil to Athena’s strategic wisdom.
Outside of Greek mythology, Hermes Trismegistus takes on a different meaning as a symbol of spiritual transformation and union. Regardless of context, however, Hermes remains an enduring figure in both ancient and modern culture.